ࡱ> a wjbjb,, 7RNN:4bbb8<"65555555,X8R:v5b"5?64Rb5v4@513@"b4 {^34H6<64 ; ;04bTitle: Chocolicious Achievement Objectives: S5-2 Evaluate statistical investigations or probability activities undertaken by others, including data collection methods, choice of measures and validity of findings. Key Competencies: Thinking: Think critically Make decisions Using Language, Symbols & Texts: Demonstrate statistical literacy Relating to Others: Work in groups Debate solution This activity explores the following key ideas: how the statistical investigation process works how the sample and population are related statistical investigations can be biased if they are not properly set-up or carried out Resources Datashow and computer Powerpoint presentation Resource sheet Worksheeet Prior Knowledge: Adapting for ICTIntroduction/Background You could introduce this activity by asking students to collect articles in the newspapers and magazines that contain statistics to make them more aware of how often statistics are quoted in everyday life. Show the powerpoint presentation first. Then head into the exploration below. The resource sheet is needed and contains all the relevant information presented by Dodgycereals. Allow at least one lesson for this activity; it could take two separate sessions depending on your students and the depth to which you want to take it. Begin by spending some time discussing the context with the students. Some context is provided in the introduction. You might want the students to work in small groups so they can discuss their work with each other. Discussing the problem and planning will take most of time. You may want to make groups of students present their decision and investigation to the class. Problem Today students will investigate the claims of Dodgycereal Limited. This is a fictional company. Understanding how to read statistics and regarding them critically is now an important skill. Some researchers think that statistical literacy is an important part of literacy, or being able to read the printed word. Plan/Data  Question 1: Which population did Dodgycereals claim to have investigated? New Zealand teenagers What is a teenager? Question 2: Why do you think it is important to have more than one teenager in your sample? One member only gives one set of data so there would be no variation in the sample and it wouldnt represent the population. For example if you chose only one teenager you cant tell if the population has male and female members. Question 3: Do you think 30 teenagers is a large enough sample to represent all the teenagers in New Zealand? Remember to give reasons. No, There are over 33,000 students in the CensusAtSchool population for 2005 and 24,000 for 2007. Question 4: Do you think this is a representative or biased sample of New Zealand teenagers? Justify your answer. Biased as the company only asked teenagers they knew. There maybe regional differences that would not be represented in this sample as all the teenagers were from the same town. The teenagers came from 8 families so perhaps some family opinions may be over represented. The employees could have been worried about their jobs so may have influenced the outcome of the survey. This sample is a convenience sample. Question 5: Do you think this survey is fair or biased? Justify your answer. Biased, it suggests the correct answer to the 4th question in the first sentence. There are also an issue with asking the employee number. The survey is not anonymous. The selection of the sample is also biased as the sample consists of teenagers from the companies staff. This is called selection bias. Analysis  Question 6: What do you think about this graph and these claims? The analysis of the data was misleading: scales on graph are shown as decimals so the number could be misread as being for example 375. The graph has been stretched and truncated at the bottom so the differences look larger. The claims are unfounded A: Hardly any teenagers eat breakfast especially intelligent males. The intelligence of teenagers in the sample was not gathered so we cannot comment on whether intelligent males eat breakfast or not. In this sample 1/3 eat breakfast, vs 2/3 who dont eat breakfast. 1/3 is not hardly any B: Females are more discerning than males because more of them dont eat breakfast. A value judgement. C: Females are also more gorgeous than males. Another value judgement. Question 7: What effect has the sample size, the way the teenagers were chosen to be in the sample and the survey questions had on the results? This question draws together the answers in the previous questions. Question 8: What is misleading about this graph? A graph can still be correctly drawn but misleading due to the data it represents. In this case only one 15 year old a surveyed so whichever option they choose would be plotted as 100%. Conclusion  Students conclusions should relate back to the original question. They should also mention any features they had noticed or wondered about and investigated. Here are some phrases that they might find useful: they do not have to use them all! representative, population, probably, likely, most likely, biased, fair, sample, survey, misleading. The students conclusions could include some of the following ideas: The claims were misleading because: The sample size was too small. The sampling method was biased. The teenagers in the sample all lived in the same place and maybe even knew each other. They could have answered in a way to protect their parents jobs. The survey questions were leading. The analysis of the data was misleading: scales on graph, size of graph, percentages hiding small sample size. The claims were often inferred rather than backed up by the analysis e.g. intelligence.Reflection What aspects of this task did the students find easy? Hard? Do students have a clear understanding of how a biased sample can give misleading information? To extend this activity You could investigate what teenagers eat for breakfast using the data available on the Censusatschool website. In Dodgycereals sample 2/3 of teenagers didnt eat breakfast. Is this the same proportion as a sample from Censusatschool? Or you could follow this activity up by asking each group to analyse one claim or graph they have found in their newspapers or magazine and present their findings.      NZ CensusAtSchool activities 2008 Curriculum Level: 5 Focus: Misleading statistics /34<_tuvõèԙzzhzzhzhzzèYhkj5CJOJQJ^JaJ#hUhkj5CJOJQJ^JaJ hhkjCJOJQJ^JaJhkjCJOJQJ^JaJhkj5CJOJQJ^JaJh^HhkjOJQJ^JhkjCJOJQJ^JaJ h^HhkjCJOJQJ^JaJ#h^Hhkj5CJOJQJ^JaJ1jhkj5CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu/ <uhhh s$Ifgdkj h$IfgdkjX$If^`Xgdkjfkd$$Ifl%p& t0p&4 l4a$If Bv<^_tsf & F$IfgdkjykdK$$Ifl0%79 t0p&4 l4a$If s$Ifgdkj  {} 0 ̺̞xcTxh^HhkjCJOJQJaJ(jh^Hhkj5CJOJQJUaJhkj5CJOJQJaJh^HhkjCJaJ hkjhkj h^Hhkjh^HhkjOJQJ^Jhkj5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h^Hhkj5CJOJQJ^JaJ hDhkjCJOJQJ^JaJ#h'|hkj5CJOJQJ^JaJ h'|hkjCJOJQJ^JaJ#{|}~$If & F $Ifgdkj$Ifykd$$Ifl0%l t0p&4 l4a ? ttth_ $Ifgdkj $$Ifa$gdkj $$Ifa$gdkj$Ifykd $$Ifl0%l t0p&4 l4a ys$If x$Ifgdkj $$Ifa$gdkj $Ifgdkjfkdn$$Ifl%p& t0p&4 l4a Vklvma[RGRR x$Ifgdkj $Ifgdkj$If $$Ifa$gdkj $Ifgdkjkd$$Ifl0(% ` t d0p&4 l4ap d ?@Vjklwx9:2Ź}Ňtk}Ňtek} hkjaJh^HhkjCJh^HhkjaJh^Hhkj5\h^Hhkj5h^Hhkj5CJaJh^HhkjCJaJh^Hhkj5CJh^HhkjCJh^Hhkj5CJ\ h^Hhkjh^HhkjOJQJ^J#h^Hhkj5CJOJQJ^JaJ(j7h^Hhkj5CJOJQJUaJ#l567^kdX>$$Ifl0(%  t p0p&4 l4ap p$If $Ifgdkj $Ifgdkj 243457?@ABDO <=UVWbӋxoxoxxoxg`o`VJh^Hhkj5CJ\h^Hhkj5\ h^Hhkjh^Hhkj5h^HhkjaJh^HhkjCJh^Hhkj5aJh^Hhkj5\aJhkj5CJOJQJ^JaJ!j>h^HhkjOJQJU^JhkjOJQJ^J#h^Hhkj5CJOJQJ^JaJh^HhkjOJQJ^JhkjCJaJh^HhkjCJaJh^HhkjCJH*aJ7@BCDVW+, $Ifgdkj $Ifgdkj x$Ifgdkj$If $$Ifa$gdkj $Ifgdkjb+,7\]#$%&'(Zõo`XOC<?@ABVstuv$a$gdkj$a$gdkjsvwh^HhkjOJQJ^Jhkjvw5 0&P 1F:pkj. A!"#$F%I$$If!vh5p&#vp&:Vl tp&5p&a_$$If!vh5759#v9#v7:Vl tp&5957a_$$If!vh5l5 #v #vl:Vl tp&5 5la_$$If!vh5l5 #v #vl:Vl tp&5 5laI$$If!vh5p&#vp&:Vl tp&5p&aDdd  C 2Aicon-problem"`b8ܥ`ipn ܥ`ipPNG  IHDR^sBITO`PLTE(AE6!^<|>y 3j,xbI|`a{o7~pؼ H̺+nyA'ǧHd-`ʁկ tRNS"DKxa pHYs  ~ tEXtSoftwareMacromedia Fireworks MX*$tEXtCreation Time12/8/05W>IDATx]kw Bi3#$4qsWn<53 /w_Og*Oޫi ja}(eF_J\\}TinDfV)IeGƸݐ7M_OE((aЃ*#!SmG,&D(<^LxhIH//w*_NU]$)ܙj@_.n`=}>eD2F 8)q^EG;(zQ $ Dm]tɧ] 0u]h/{yLKeV9>X/D.oRJ '<#GZQ8; :eD 2\`~mL6.됉` Fe"jR̮#yFMO6J^PQ B O-n&WYOdk%td !Κp3('"yxHSguL>h PuBϧ3Ym rH,ukk>"ګY^p^$:pDe8*Dgk0|,yA@ kǫ} 4$[u Խ&u_Um[c*2ѓ-8s8@1l= J  KD9M%`!LA:2UmZ'!a"(wpxcN6 &a:H,>i)A#FDAxPT7nkÂsḄ VV *|"W1I*!gG~xAzLo^84b5@ا_. D8`; "ֿaڃ>"]5XhIG DxCP(!>RN@sD5- ik kDD`f0xȯc PȰA/uCȣg$DFx"$W(ZKy#s*ϱ| z}I*# Fo}NM:h&Dw0~}s -t];0a#쮊闸:̤:FOLbKs?X݊s{7zA>%("oR+ӍZO4@-ۂ\MD+#f!gmv7 Cov70apo4kظ1CWpJ!=HُjC40}s@k 5k4##SJ`2 7%ķJàk7%NoQKM@Fa`Ѯʟ"Dqc8lQ╎G̳rJXr~4 % =wx &)wPr}]ej"V%p<[ͯH<\KήTDZ@o#B" x\ A]z(x `w9޸b89K"}  ;U G!M"#;Zctޥ2Ш ~l&jkXBJB[E"mu$J6jx较11"'@iY4@F4]ĮA <2E$Ҁ?$](H!pǛ""v@E,JS9 jq WhC&Q Yh"wO!mUH$A i\D S,v^Qѧco`Zeu־d[L0p_(F)c, $vRqE$M,-l(TA螎S9=n@L7!2RAȌ2~L/m,ܱL Xjܭ׊ZrE:_NVK})@$yRT I޷H/>U5T#Qɢmp.۹MrzXЂ_It[. ޯ=+K@<Ru o8ja 9!c_HPC.1n/A2Od}8QwP͚nZ[IFqKD ddEm'w@ĘтP`mN丈75"ouW]eFf>~ $,qFᴞS2"Ӓr#r.X1dabY#8a.@Å~B$ szP*@"qR䈴^bc{bҪHW0ґ+qȱW6yJUؽؚIA]+\$^$R5 D:"D.(0O*]IHWj3KJ۷jfzD'} nZ//sLvJr3r(d:3ĈjZo(IDATx]v8.KB`WSN[~̟ؕQw% Xw_$~q꘦鿿//י7vz_J}S;n^?˞N|XLXo7"$Ưx~NF(aJ 7ꇛ qv:;"s*#D̷t9_l9|c'S/Y2擿Nr&\Cח}O=ZqX4M6*$7~8ۘyz׀n83╩~CG0ƑNЌQNnp35HGsqPuF䀫!RJLO`C{D#.T%L#EE`we0 o_u7h:CoeRN`rs\ d20>9Ӊ<#+!L pu? ay*g3AL8zRMrG&(<+BېC [)C pxΩi;w\s!.$=T|*Dz z_þĀ@QtNz} *p^c G; %vq "(IH8й\ (b"oW?O4D܈(oސa`$ǖ$LQ@ 4E/RmF.~/ /ć1gΣzla ;=dHVS 'r6HAF<֞wM ;LLuy,@[E> ~|=ߕUOF@[ eo5,) @ J?ΰ d{"W!0C1s!Y1*JQ"o61>>|;>1B)eꐱ*[i"$=QV5NN=`;v^ \:pȑsHPEh@5qh ^W__7="gw!k!«G2qbVx9]OH2O Uk5@z嗎_m@$f fĞ-8`|uAY = Ȩq@:RU@DDT 'PRYIDEi'xX=⧄hZ ;fHxQzLy_s=[ q|Ez` RtY`( ׮D"D r W4@.<yN Q d2?#}"71s Qmп{ݔR  h Z\XJu֙pI"F'pB,+skT s $(3lpH07*0Ipsa?XP!$mo&qyD\RDD,ZEov`.7 - -%;@?(N;!E;ıL</d-8^Yb 03ܯD+ ]%jyL?8aD }?crE|$sOyMb$jqim(nmL" Ӱ7iH9 ᩇ$H$D1]s:‚M4Կ}#OyNvZ×@0VH(vWD/d*Ƴx6·Jx1JDY>ǁ@PC 5.Dr}9@Fy#_cQR> :% GxrxI;Ip'Q|}wqgt|ȸ_)hdfo HT ,f 5JdBr,6I50\8}}Y2eb[ubVi+uQqIk:7r  X>ӤW.`Sm5+1%&}S-&]e@cnM ij5|#uT+d$#Z'o2\Y0ۘU\ ήӺ~1U t9L_)(xpT; 5^nvĈ+i M["7(ZY 3ܗ1g;M1_6P\[H~j9e<{:j H$LN=D/RcJ*7lqNԽ[07("Xsxl d$ݴt"\T,bYZP+:zkK V?8# !I>*vB( @GT_ִHe У'KxArY oJGIW>prB@g`,kkє %K H48D )K~Ntd> 8"I3ފ0E3BtelĤ'_ V4+R+0>v=hM"\DFpʁ%Odk.l$G% k=$=H^۽EdT FiWäd ]}KEKSFB:;N 'C@Thj t$(,+c,V;A/d"3U]T%BɁHBH S]Q]2$Zh>vlq#䝞0 t&b*$FJl<J╜ΥFi|6psLɮ##M!"ߦR*"@9Za0"4K@c֪ ʧ\ a@'!z+!Q )Ex1ku H*J{ _UqǴ C[Sf\O?3%I\ ʖ-jQ5 C*>c}@)V5 ?+Szpиoօ$> d]x1|dY4iAu[EÑrRIFр@O+4Yi=$J MB"> ;-,IIxݾ2E*:)$vUiOG>˂R:#^\MV@3@Hʲl\(t\~*T1 \DW>s$E+2V\֒D8Yu1lAą5P *i ٣ap&EĒ):toɳLYzIUHCs"3#<:Y`IdzYO,d*PZ3&f]1sP%@δxLq*5BRY JyՃRx[}dG`b`@51A "9i%e+d5 i XӶC7#lӥWt5`b-c'\d|gmC{כ1Y}*K'P19LbbN aǛ ?bXs6u™Zz c=H' IKȬL)D:9; @CcI8ڝi<8.G/y- Q,w2E3Q+Ao K@ʯxĹ pF? II/-̲@XyK n "%7OT0ВGg1 "8\wȄb;{Sʨg} ^Q#8*AX;_[t+h:9tbԬZ+ؔ&1I)9~.xrFS%d$(2肘nTA(EJQ7 uz A,s!ޏJ:ߔVԭMbRc\V@&܈}k& 9_#[Mv|یF8xkHz)0AƁK l,s9Yehc1Sܟ+%Օ[*e$tt[9 C bIf:TUoʐ\ N8/m']h { ZnMkl6Yy>1a걟{şJ@ƟIAem 9FT z<;~c ң~#1нqPmcp ž;bu-[k%+6Eqa|Nd d>vqߊ,ޱ~o4nBYY.S ǧD`էZm#)Z<%Høi7VP%~SQѯ*҆3n*&bc;^ -࿣y.ehz. 2 |Iڛ15AzDo$2J#F\a=r߷) B!:-eHP9(Byӿu[JFgۅۙva0,h2=uw\5ص"SAkS?.0Leh=}>B+_#47@L.e*b,3 TI+,p^J  p׍lGb }'VD4XB{F(a ۴% ҖycGnq4q,q, U{vPM-8Y,Roߜ[k ^IV[jgĬHl%[ k+$ {[UZ٬*WgYEwt;Mx›FGae`e!_S|-d]D:,H[t[xWB;-GNVrwy;o!DuC8 XO,pZkZn/DysP^ hHfr&.;iRCW)h F.#TύVHD/nn/-o=C}c4 g45uR56EvkmdٶJ úpnM6sexdūvnF}a'D>j+:cb8r?]@`yw}IϐpA""wbG=Uz saǁz.5'YwF+r#CvqѕAD26Q7 e%"}*NNJ}Byk rqJۉ({B.Z4+[T@7k|$CKQ> ֊"%)b$Ⱦ؋-f 7UW@ӥs,$K[ &uo|梔]rϤ;Jž36u 5;uNcэ,FNwn) 3DU+x2T<wWPu7WX:7$٨KP W\HK( 8TaMR^faRM7gg}Memƅ\\v\8scdW2[F$ YX34&#AWaK5/iړi..GzѺ+)\/Y@APH[Yp\ݙ(Cm05_y ':JgG!wJeu6VB?梁 =SԤy52rJCF7icDDd(FʧfL'y[L+ lVTÂ2)O))v!Wn;=yX.\<5pج6q~^fj?qE>-q;0A$ek Wɠ?#&&$\>6*P<[W$ې:ADT^6z=[Okvqxxo{⦤[ArH;ِlpk f@=>@ݧX76 Ml;SEp࣬uBgDy>>V?.]Y/I?cd>)amj =wЏK^؆V*Kv<,7mN|@ܞ R5A{cdwS r""">BLH;XD^sɶyP{#ev8B,2c:(B'i`Zɋ o}#KX `g@E61 պepjVWb0|kجerJK<>8` 7.vV"bfc³eO]}߷ّX>)oEWvyCt6Yh*qbFezC$g[KtM?XHOCuGɦ1ވߥ; ŷ,_"(q@v AVjݳHaNB'YEJ$gq7$zmrBt=ڌ_v>>/6]Ŵ2C"IysYc[b'WXi_G~ge/fSd ܦC0  cXio5ӀݪHZm(X]. @:$VaRw8>=#*Y ƚ^Evda.-# eny*X-&kn^\oۜ'c$g,Xx'c^w lHov8:?iҌLH8kpV]jGRi^?Sd t˅ÙW=}vphmΥ/oվX-zAkG$LQFTrϓ ĞI&5!]_hǥ^Ô5B1J^Yr6J zfd8JP FiTqqt (5Z3$׉,MܱM*qQ 6 !(2Q*Wl_+π  ח|+M [RʮIu ܮ:;kf>i8KJz[V9@CaʹQ\.+$JA/Ҝ 3=h<6GWa<+c)6'ыX|*0Ϗ:gVԓp:Y˳&W>su{ i(ʸ#a9?}2³֫qȤ`ϵ쾱±'цó5簪:y&[3/5;tf_0洡黒G)%$`QƼFp Hx1ql7S֯-c7lTB}VZiB4_I4GΔs[zܦOc|*#1Q0<̞>$Iyh3+>a'w| Al&ɼB5) y龌=DݙymJ=zNS3Ӊ߆'ڒ1LVD11|}6ۘ&ZB^Px$,қUraP'(H"+IeޮͯήGct@[@'COM ЮPS_!tv ֘ThQ [όiCV͘P$*s35)=tə{?!g2mIENDB`$$If!vh55#v#v:Vl  t pp&55/ ap pDdX  C 4Aicon-analysisb4$p^7 k8*?n$p^7 k8PNG  IHDR^sBITO`PLTE<)Cç"y:ګ+ʃyZ@J.Z}OhW3z4MVǧܪ4UɊz tRNSv pHYs  ~ tEXtSoftwareMacromedia Fireworks MX*$tEXtCreation Time12/8/05W>IDATx c8+31Iڳ-=mlK=fF#q83x~La0雦!;v1 ˦v 293 8E$JBݹ34ax*KEk&/S[KoKBs)æ ʿ=oqvh'X0 >4x$)iҋv58 R4]4C)HS4Ryhh; <)Q"03&?gH;-AJ7]ڙJvg% _p 2ZAAAcodzw=ӆ9= R= j@@ʿ䯑 l[@ȟ3R- A"pж-~kaV/gk>z缰<1]ƕ#Fz[R"dҺnLJ|&GzLi^11)׃W3 A @$.P 捑(:;7Ȕ_}?$]&Pb;E"#>rY0H@ۀg}T8|:2  żȹ@h% 8b7-U տrdYbIDA|wrDV yjA0{1x;SUoߓs\Wc=" /a i*gA-$@ G<޸Nd+H\͖  0iD T67H~_'Im8,6> γ5s G025fc5 ƌcE9h0 ? y rax^ׇhF~U5 XGqEj5ƝÈQש#Tm*t8LfAQ$4 $ރ pի05Hq+@}HȀtu*<@:]GI;eA% g|߀,!CEF! % 99%" ko.O͞SNSLӔg)rA"pL-A?? pMρ Wr(Oź+>3߰< rc@y/np1$gc]"_Ao4. H*'>I0N}0@ˠ>ƍTG,﯈&OS8Rk"S # %] f鲩FP&ºo0LGZuJQ2Am߆ :aX\ɟ"szPpg5Ǒ,PYC*)j! Xb FDo!֑g@Iop>QyH2;d¡ a9ȩ :Sp:b呤PwAOBj֦ c ga8="WR} b!0  H[^`e# I"x =p{ qP"d/ բZ7W  d7<20A@ڷ Q0iUDl~./Q2=F KG$_@8 dI;ؿa<繯+qU2IqH#ٍ#\;6i i\*_*쑔db*b#>W"V Fu.j6$:=QHvw }K}3 Hq#i۳=Bgp ٵo^8Zn?q6(,, Us\AqX[g>2 ~x#ir`:"K!ɢ7#bBqqLH;G*1W :Ę&# Av7=~ (^8B$(֞.q'AJ ڊUɭH%QN@Xb='CDS@oxF娄(oxe/]sY@Ƹ(+Ryh0N:bpD7, T%GZӣ!9Dd;=A=ap%_8GnDOO"E˝IM䈟X~ZUv TIzqT܂ WJ 8d;{T@$iGar@?*8T@|Q8"2d㈺ق(^IW\.Cؙ'SUu8^Rڼ@1튯@st0 $AB^Eѷ?jZ/9ah5 mq..wׇ^وo<`r ^&Dg"_Uo Uٻ9qxFı>$܊L垿Hd?>B &3Ǒ+y Ү uN 沦F=O3*-u@$gfr[Sh/w<#Ё0gr-/a($]ڵd} =ӑ pqڥs0i,U"!daH]+S1-ADxϢ@ q:m <E#W +%aer A6s[ կCMUIbCA$aat\xR5҆_D|m+GAp!A^&kffv &AmqW4W BiG6>2V  8yR$UaȞf{#_`^LD@r{i$ IoSbVz)r %"g+@Sud]Vu#sJd*a顖/"ĩsV^I [cZ0,YBtNZyM+`,~L؋gl>ѳ;<1@f~Yr_F+ z:%#fF2H` 5l1Fمkܲ N 3D.^vN' h {RrGcϮRk"iJ"FnJ (o82+^EHNe\DKpxћj0>wVFC2H05}$O]|@/@0֓~] @D.$gCF`ukE9ˡξiSEѭiJȃaCOOB S"ɱ"aLϜ9#>KnSnH,+I+V!oR|$bЭ,"kk4֟D.[, ܁,"w8@fo<즢QNJv;w`,oem̸@ zAl9Br ^y9qtG+Iу=$H r9Ox͆ɓnƱ=V^`}mͨ&h$s{$fH8H+'!oA0}vt)$$&_9ޮ$>A֡=>/osLcnd~F UJݝ,oҚBQt'{ʝ(Aas!:eӜY囓j,S4zC%2ǡ5V+^OВdΛyy⓫<*!wztw",a}a!_EXH7_/ǿ˰?qNIENDB`$$If!vh55#v#v:Vl  t hp&55/ ap hDd\  C 8A icon-conclusionbc7ϼFh[nc7ϼFhPNG  IHDR^sBITO`PLTE_B!̹:xĺKGF8jIDATx흋vHDPhr믮M2I{u1V00~z'!f^oq"d8֛˧ƴ"r.[8RWukRcƏsZ#Ityz2fʴY 0 AeNe[$ޘ~e2 tK[]#Cn 2IRS4$6Q0ݖl$ڡ΄ARW} "I dzzkς~M[cێd$LDSR/2qϘ 9`V--E C#,P\( EHoH,CK":2"k46$#c @ 1J!,!uIg0eV(%2$Y-Y!ωrȤ9XGDc")]W nldn #^eW۷ mC$J9xr ~x}O ժ zUeCY#,wMI CӓH$Q!aHUt58r\2I"^pLX8ʦ- WY-IeJ'pQ2JYH&SAlhHB}3aQb,%$=&dM9IdSww@3#TK^L&MR@ڶ$1UK 3I+Bʲ ):W7n_A X6Q$_-@*\4IŠWaj7:"<}L],gHĂaBkV,u@H&_lb̡#Hˡ$"[+VQ/ gh"i8,7u #ɞCb!C"YIe a9 E*8HƊEr3IjkdDRㅟaj $kz}} ʰ<\-=P  Y  C% b bC=Lъe!Iuo9?b*x#y4Iq=}KCf]ac2>,e_R?TX's _J nR7o G>PT:ȉ\ñ/WJuxnsW@8gk5kw֟#r,pA48WB -ծ׭ڎGB>RG:ƴ:og&P$W DeI0[SY[âzCh^Q 4hBH SW+PwbkX`Zv/|>Kp:r*ӭnr$wGkN~74ܖ o cHBy8z Tm6jV$zvI~l:QQ(&H.+Iؐ\ R}\AYr)QAYzCiv I8јOU5OoPdJq$gX8ZULХ+і)*  XK!6ACiSĘyUI]ӫRqrKPUJcҕ3AQ`c"{~֒Ty3( @HI8*衣 'y􈔋$^q,7\ƚޥ5FǕPy|n@JN_ȯ̈́Bȫ*o"M^4M,VUm"V2yycXDpӠjmS(X .@hhd$@HW\CE^8(MYFuwe$w2!q_:( Y+z0pDRu܃)WuLVtVF$2RǢXR jb/)Ht7nI(ἮJ yF[熄|8]@ҕQu 2 y,US=7YD]*MB_B\c";Wd2PW"c\t)+a=SLylc+p뗍dx]8C@mF:jI!DHvŭX~`j $AeY4[=8QÕRK Ey႔`I-_խF@klQޙ4rPӰ=ŊӔN޴1A2N6y2E# $½/(jtH,J#XIʿꀥY{y|Tlښɗ#A1>iXdo ЬA<⢴s# H.Dx$tʵȨRpZ[܃;t$ҷ_l534T!1I$ Y j8gAzĈR$15=5(B[xEJ AxL[+ @WG0!cB qH+ΡC._?Yp Hiz(JMj\qTCA|(v+7DlW+"zl-X;H fl gSly_v*rϋ~0 )4\un%@B]ۭ2UHBâ*͑87G\6{L'fsKpPTm[U }f=F}j=5Z@ DbVBQҫL~`iAE_ [ªO6R,; H-d =^H@,q׃\Z.Y*-%2ҽxȪ5!E< O7~H+M!zaWOvRL{ZwAla$aݚ/_e[=տ}D"KlF6$WՏNtL&Ax Di#El$xd[( u B,H+zaZ@! coD^Q-}IK}ZyvUAǴQ&KD_R,8yedrUʎmQc9@NbnQ&x% >ѥsc_<侜'cg[;RR~t羜wq[6ilL1W#f4n zN'mhEJuHmg)l3Ŏ"Td)g%JN(hO&>6Gw *Q+w2玌XBJ Ҿ(,v[1Z3KvA\- ܤk]6] CR*Ʉ?p! W  [|iV#$yw664 4FiNA ݳj(XFWH;$Ou@ DTn=BR8&4 fXӨ[ZzmK%vAC1#aFR-iԆؿa&YW1n LDa;1]WQH|7XГ  wnJ9¨l B5.7VkhF'HꆑRbw0 U:ܨ>4M{hzzEn1 UtQ:&#Id_ ͷK}P&t cj.`[${w>g K 8v>H*I,:&| xIa^EZy'&M| WmUޢל%2}mDгA6HijP累fpH*Z֪a6 ԭѬ48wNK2+>V' !֕@*=?(8D*KY,lXb="$s ;7Ea8{٢S!2Na0f-l&= j_{ѦS{HDYPv˺CpoM[Ar*d W̊ETD2q,1GvHq3V}THԭHLJtQ4!| GB#ɸ*AJ$tR:-f!ayy܊V#"1 P5_g/Sեׂb`*?R$D4< Sۋ'?L51qjH20~4Lj $> aqWT(歯FiIY?"7q@^  IHlqEQ45;,^HDZl3G(ɬY|o8WRQNڹy xtZ+ϡ}_JA ,ɚ'j `4߳A{kG-}$CE J,6ՍJuq[&WJ$5)BT_/ Hyfdt1EcvcNYq`&m:|Ƒ&tH%̚Us7.;'o+."`,Fh璬I|Tׇm|s"Au! @` 2 ՀL-i@"1ı3.\Q&)uޟ+91Oj4W>*~w`%.sQ G$8$JB"J629HcI2ysp[P;˩nꨭ gG|칀l_Kptvdl@W>{qY+%G$>bĤuy^n8*F)Ơp\/9y6˶@Pb1V'*?τrx r!Պ&!Ǘ֍|WƃXr:O?].=G!:^NqVΕcH$#ڐO=A`F_ |Z0#1vԉrd@.ZgmRv",jA \1UGzP#@N7oܷDط76v4.䜚wɻY}) ‚~߿99Z~?+A@BDv~; hCN a]~x'XO(hAyg'8e-{9&ZL!Dp*vxS(Ear c#i]$NIXxW +ԇq '`( eX5 eoȕhhc_gr~>dz{A6*Y~n) R̜Q̀cVe唈B=^8~ G)AT1\yNl>p{$Rp'*,e kYQ$?r:צ(/$yW`}MVR[:lGa|uEd~h PQ8)/xc=FS$YN_N _P Fs}<&˞B:r~˸b.~yOj:Z s)Sl+Ypd9XXt:YK.U? C)Hf % 2NMX~z2??7о#GIENDB`$$If!vh55#v#v:Vl  t Cp&55/ ap C$$If!vh55#v#v:Vl  t p&55/ ap ~$$If!vh55#v#v:Vl  t p&55ap D@D NormalCJ_HaJmH nHsH tHDA@D Default Paragraph FontRi@R  Table Normal4 l4a (k(No Listj@j  Table Grid7:V0TOT $ Activitybody CJOJPJQJ^JmH sH tH :O: $ ActivitytableCJ`O"` $Activitycontextx!B*CJOJPJQJaJphtH ROR $heading4 dh6OJPJQJmH sH tH fOBf $Activitysubheadings#5CJOJPJQJ^JmH sH tH .X@Q. `SEmphasis6]4@b4 f HHeader  !4 @r4 f HFooter  !23w236wR+++ 67Z[w/ <^_t#{|}~?Vkl 567@BCDVW+,$&'( ZZ[\tua<BVsx0ˀ0ˠ0ˠ000 000000000000 0 00 0 0 0000 000000000 0 000 0 0 0000000 0 00 00 0 0000 00000 000000 0 0000 0000000000 0 0000 0000000000000 0 00 000 0 00 000 0 0H0pˀ0pPh 780P0P 579< 2bsw"'< l7[avw !#$%&(v8@(  \  3 "` B S  ?wl%t?@jlwx 9 : S T    4 5 3n <=UWbc+KL+Bx0: LBx ;B64|GgHZ2f9HZ2HM.Z?N^|cq _|ce6`6G7ow|c ^`5OJPJQJ^Jo(hH*^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH#^`56OJPJQJ^Jo(hH*^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH ^`5OJPJQJ^Jo(hH*^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH ^`5OJPJQJ^Jo(hH*^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hHh#^`56OJPJQJ^Jo(hH*^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH^`5OJPJQJ^Jo(^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH^`5OJPJQJ^Jo(^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH ^`5OJPJQJ^Jo(hH*^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH^`5OJPJQJ^Jo(^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH N^q _f9H0G7owe6`0;B4|G0HHM.Z f        #^        f                        ~67D([\ux"@  0; % ]w @UnknownAn Employee ofmTimes New RomanCentury Schoolbook5Symbol3 Arial7 VerdanaC .PMingLiUe0}fԚ?mstrCourier New;Wingdings"qh &"&} - .Ixr4dc 3qHX ? Title: ChocoliciousNancyAn Employee of0          Oh+'0|  8 D P\dlt'Title: Chocolicious8NancyancancNormalAn Employee ofi3Microsoft Word 11.2@Ik@q@} ՜.+,D՜.+,X hp  'The University of Auckland- c Title: Chocolicious Title 8@ _PID_HLINKS'A@^  icon-problem+  icon-data)@icon-analysispU$icon-conclusion  !"#$%&'()+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefhijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry F=WData *y1TablegP;WordDocument7RSummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjX FMicrosoft Word DocumentNB6WWord.Document.8